Image for representation purposes only Chinese researchers have proposed using AI-controlled, wave-powered unmanned surface vessels (USVs) to strengthen maritime surveillance and law enforcement in disputed waters, including the South China Sea. The proposal was outlined in the Chinese journal Naval and Merchant Ships, owned by China State Shipbuilding Corporation. It says these self-powered vessels could help China maintain a long-term presence in distant waters and improve monitoring of maritime activity. Tensions continue in the South China Sea, a key global shipping route handling around US$3 trillion in trade every year. The area also has significant oil and gas reserves and remains disputed between China and several regional countries, including the Philippines. According to the researchers, the autonomous vessels could provide China with a persistent and lower-cost maritime presence around islands, reefs and distant waters without relying on conventional naval patrol ships or crewed aircraft. The study, authored by Chen Xin and Chen Ruimiao, said wave-powered USVs could play “an important role” in maritime rights protection and law enforcement operations while supporting China’s broader “smart maritime defence system” linking air, sea, space and shore-based assets. How the wave-powered drones work The vessels generate movement by converting the up-and-down motion of ocean waves into forward thrust using a submerged fin or glider system attached under the hull. This allows them to move without fuel or a human crew. Because they do not use engines, they are very quiet and can stay at sea for long periods. Researchers say China has developed a version capable of travelling over 10,000 km and operating continuously for more than one year, over 10 times longer than traditional fuel-powered unmanned vessels. Possible uses The study says these USVs could be used for: Routine patrols in distant waters Monitoring islands and reefs Tracking illegal fishing and maritime