传阅通告 26 November 2018 西元2018年 11月 26 日 Iranian trade after 4 November 2018 西元2018年 11月 4 日後的涉及伊朗贸易 Our 29 May 2018 Circular ‘US sanctions against Iran’ outlined the potential repercussions for shipowners and insurers arising from the US Administration’s decision to withdraw from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) Agreement signed by China, France, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States, the European Union (EU) and Iran. 本协会在西元2018年5月29日的通告“美国对伊朗的制裁”中概述了美国政府决定退出由中华人 民共和国，法国，德国，俄罗斯，英国，美国，欧盟(EU)和伊朗所签署的联合全面行动计划 （JCPOA）协议後会对船东和保险公司可能造成的影响。 The US has now re-imposed sanctions on Iran that had been lifted or waived under the JCPOA, with the second and final wind down period coming to an end on 4 November 2018. The US has made it clear that it expects all non-US persons to comply with the secondary sanctions that it has re-imposed. The US and the EU now take divergent approaches, with the EU seeking to maintain the sanctions relief provided for by the JCPOA by, amongst other things, amending the annex to Council Regulation (EC) No 2271/96, otherwise known as the Blocking Regulation (see further Circular issued 8 August 2018 ). 在第二次也是最後一次过渡期於西元2018年11月4日结束後，美国现在对於在JCPOA下曾被解 除或放弃的对伊朗制裁措施，重新启动制裁。美国已经明确表示希望所有非美国人遵守其重启 实施的二级制裁。美国和欧盟现在采取不同的做法，欧盟寻求的是维持JCPOA所规定的制裁， 其中包括修改欧盟规则(EC)第 2271/96号的附件，又称为阻隔法规（详情请见 西元2018年8月8 日发出的通告）。 There are reports that eight countries - China, India, Italy, Greece, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Turkey - have or will be granted waivers from the US so that they may continue to be permitted to import limited amounts of Iranian crude oil. The waivers do not extend to any other commodities. Limited guidance in relation to these waivers, or Significant Reduction Exemptions (“SREs”), is provided by OFAC FAQ 642. It is further understood that countries holding SREs are being advised by the US Administration to import Iranian crude only on NITC or IRISL vessels, or on vessels registered in the country holding the SRE and only where those vessels are insured under a sovereign guarantee issued by the Government holding the SRE. 根据报导共有中国，印度，意大利，希腊，日本，韩国，台湾和土耳其等八个国家已经或将要 获得美国的豁免而被允许继续进口伊朗原油但货载量有设限 。该豁免不适用於任何其他商品。 美国海外资产控制办公室( OFAC)所公布的 “常见问题解答”中第642条提供了有关这些豁免或 重大减少豁免(“SREs”)的有限度指导。另据了解，美国政府建议持有SREs的国家在进口伊朗原 油时仅得以伊朗国家油轮公司(NITC)或伊朗国家航运公司(IRISL)的船舶或是船籍国为持有SRE 之国家的船舶做为运油船，而且这些船舶必须是由持有SRE的国家政府签发的主权担保予以承 保的船舶。 Following the end of the wind down period there may still be some limited trade with Iran that is possible for non- US persons to undertake without a significant risk of violating US secondary sanctions (for example, the carriage of certain agricultural commodities, consumer goods and foodstuffs, see OFAC FAQ 637). Members should be aware, however, that even if the trade does not appear to violate US sanctions, practical difficulties mean that, in non-sovereign guarantee cases, it is extremely unlikely that International Group Clubs will be in a position to make or receive payments, provide security or respond to any claims in the usual manner. 在过渡期结束後，非美国人仍可能与伊朗进行有限度的贸易而不至於面临到违反美国二级制裁 规定的重大风险（这些有限度的贸易例如运送若干农产品丶消费品和食品，请见OFAC常见问 题解答第637条）。但是，请各位会员注意，纵使这些贸易行为看似未违反美国的制裁规定， 实务运用上的困难点在於，若是非主权担保的情况，国际保赔协会集团很可能无法支付或接受 付款，或以通常的方式提供担保或回应任何索赔。 In circumstances where a Club does cover a claim with an Iranian nexus, there is also the potential for there to be significant reinsurance shortfalls. For the 2018/19 policy year, individual International Group (IG) Clubs retain the first USD10 million of liabilities arising f