Vessel monitoring and P&I insurance Background   In line with their legal and regulatory obligations, all Clubs in the International Group maintain sophisticated sanctions compliance programmes and procedures. The rules and procedures developed by Clubs to manage sanctions risks take account of the guidance provided by bodies such as the UN Security Council Resolution (UNSCR), the UK Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation (OFSI), the US State Department and the US Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). Through its system of circulars and news alerts, Clubs also seek to keep their Members up to date on recent developments with respect to sanctions.   The ability to track vessels using their AIS (“Automatic Identification Systems”) has become an increasingly important part of Clubs’ sanctions compliance programmes. All International Group Clubs have now agreed a common minimum standard of tracking.   Review of vessel tracking software   In order to ensure that Clubs were fully aware of capabilities of the products available in this fast-developing area, a working group carried out in depth discussions with service providers to better understand the technology available to monitor vessel movements in high risk areas. These products were subsequently trialled against the software currently utilised by Clubs. All International Group Clubs have now entered into agreements with commercial providers to track the movements of their entered vessels.   Introduction of a common standard for vessel tracking   All club share the common goals of ensuring their Members are aware of the sanctions framework in which they operate and that their Members’ vessels are not traded in violation of applicable sanctions. The agreed common minimum standard of vessel tracking in high risk areas helps to identify activities such as port calls in sanctioned countries, abnormal navigation, manipulation and/or switching off a vessel’s AIS transmitter, and S