The problem of liquefying cargoes is well known in the bulk trade, with very serious casualties occurring over the years, culminating in the MV ASIAN FOREST on 17 July 2009, and at other times big delays being suffered such as was experienced recently by the MV TONGHAI in India. What is the problem? Put in layman’s terms: mineral cargoes can turn into a muddy slush if the amount of moisture (typically water) is too high. Bulk carriers are not designed to carry liquid or semi-liquid cargoes, and when this process happens it can cause stability problems that have led to vessels capsizing and sinking.  The process can happen in mere minutes The problem occurs in mineral cargoes of predominantly fine particles, mined and stored in conditions which allow the soaking up of large amounts of water which is then retained, with minimal drainage or evaporation occurring. Where does the problem happen? The main problem areas have been India, Indonesia, The Philippines, New Caledonia, and in part China. Cargoes  to have suffered this problem frequently include iron ore, nickel and fluorspar - but indeed any fine particle mineral cargo may be at risk from this issue. The most recent high profile problem area is New Mangalore in India, affected by the monsoon. The recent high demand for iron ore by China and the issues between China and an Australian mining company brought shipments from India once more to the spotlight. The issue can, however, arise anywhere where fine particle mineral cargoes are mined and / or stored exposed to the elements. Why does the problem happen? The cargo is mined and stored in often quite simple facilities that provide no protection from the environment. The location of these mines is in countries and areas where generally facilities and infrastructure are under-developed and where the climate and weather leads to frequent large rain falls. The monsoon affecting India in the summer months is a particular issue, but the hot humid climate is pr